Investors had plenty to smile about in 2017, despite a world of worries on the geopolitical stage from the Middle East to North Korea and the South China Sea. The global economy continued its steady improvement and financial markets produced some excellent returns.
The year began with the inauguration of President Donald Trump, whose populist policies on issues such as trade and energy have impacted the global economic agenda. As the year closed the Trump administration’s corporate tax cuts were approved by Congress, which should boost the US economy.
The US Federal Reserve lifted its benchmark interest rate three times in 2017 with more expected this year as the economy strengthens. Higher rates could trim the sails of US equities while putting upward pressure on global bond rates and the US dollar.
Positive economic growth
The global economy grew steadily throughout 2017 with the US and other G7 leading industrial nations posting growth of around 2.2 per cent.
China’s growth has slowed, but at 6.8 per cent it’s still a global powerhouse and a major customer for Australia’s natural resources, education and other goods and services.i China now accounts for 36.7 per cent of Australia’s exports, more than any other country.ii
Australia’s economy grew by 2.8 per cent in the year to September, marking 26 years without a recession. The biggest contributor was private sector investment as business profits posted their strongest gains in 15 years. Low interest rates and low inflation of 1.8 per cent remain supportive for business and consumers. Unemployment fell to 5.4 per cent, the lowest jobless rate in four years, but sluggish wage growth remains an issue for the Reserve Bank.iii A jump in consumer confidence in December to 103.3 on the Westpac Melbourne Institute scale – anything above 100 is viewed as optimism – was good news for retailers leading into Christmas.iv
| Australian Key Indices as at 31 December 2017 |
Share Markets (% change) Jan – Dec 2017 |
||
| GDP annual growth rate | 2.8% | Australia ASX 200 | +7.0 |
| RBA cash rate | 1.5% | US S&P 500 | +19.4 |
| Inflation | 1.8% | UK FTSE 100 | +7.6 |
| Unemployment | 5.4% | China Shanghai Composite | +6.6 |
| Consumer confidence index | 103.3 | Japan Nikkei 225 | +19.0 |
*Year to September 30, 2017 Sources: RBA, Westpac Melbourne Institute, Trading Economics
Mixed signals on financial markets
The Australian dollar finished the year at US78c, up 8.6 percent due mostly to strong commodity prices. The dollar firmed despite a lack of movement on the local interest rate front. The cash rate held steady at 1.5 percent all year while interest rates on government 10-year bonds fell from 2.77 percent to 2.64 percent.v The consensus is that the next interest rate move will be up although perhaps not until the end of 2018 at the earliest.
Commodities were a mixed bag. Global oil prices rose 12.5 percent to US$60 a barrel in December as OPEC members agreed to extend their production restrictions. Iron ore fell 3.3 percent to US$74 a tonne on lower demand from China, while coal rose 5.7 percent to US$100 a tonne.vi
The shooting star award of 2017 goes to Bitcoin. The value of one Bitcoin soared from $1300 in January to more than $22,000 in December before dropping to around $17,000 at year’s end. The question as to whether it’s a 21st-century tulip bubble or a new paradigm has been exercising minds from the world’s central banks to the local pub.
Shares surprise on the upside
Global shares powered ahead, fuelled by economic growth, strong corporate profits and low interest rates. Despite the ongoing geopolitical turmoil, volatility on equity markets was relatively low.
US shares rose to record highs, up 19 percent partly in response to the weak US dollar. The greenback has remained lower for longer than expected due to stubbornly low inflation and the long delay in lifting interest rates. The low dollar and Brexit uncertainty were a drag on the UK market, but it still managed a 7 percent lift. Eurozone leaders Germany and France posted gains of 12 percent and 9 percent respectively. Asian and emerging market shares were also among the top performers, with the Japanese market up 19 per cent.vii
Property cools
The residential property boom ran out of steam in 2017, as tighter lending criteria and higher interest rates for investors began to bite while state government incentives encouraged first home buyers back into the market.
Australian home prices rose 4.2 percent last year compared with 5.8 percent in 2016, according to CoreLogic. Property values in Sydney rose 3.1 percent in 2017, a far cry from the annual increase of 17 at the height of the boom. Hobart (up 12.3 percent) and Melbourne (up 8.9 percent) were the strongest capital city markets, followed by Canberra (4.9 percent), Adelaide (3.0 percent) and Brisbane (2.4 percent). Darwin fell 6.5 per cent and Perth was down 2.3 per cent.viii
Most observers predict subdued growth rather than a market bust in the year ahead.
Looking ahead
There is every reason for cautious optimism in the year ahead, although there are risks too. Continuing investigations into Donald Trump could destabilise his leadership and global markets, while closer to home the Reserve Bank is keeping a watchful eye on wages, inflation, the Aussie dollar and property prices.
Even so, local economic growth is on track, interest rates are likely to remain low for some time yet and first home buyers have their best chance in years to get a toehold in the market. Australian shares look fair value although global equities are likely to continue to provide higher returns.
i Trading economics, https://tradingeconomics.com/
ii ABS International Trade in Goods and Services, Australia, October 2017, http://www.abs.gov.au/
iii Reserve Bank of Australia, http://www.rba.gov.au/
iv Westpac Melbourne Institute Consumer Confidence, 13 December 2017, https://www.westpac.com.au/
v RBA, rba.gov.au
vi Trading economics, https://tradingeconomics.com/
vii Trading economics, https://tradingeconomics.com/
viii CoreLogic, 2 January 2018, 2 January 2018, https://www.corelogic.com.au/